Har saal Ramadan qareeb aate hi yeh sawal ghar ghar mein hota hai: "Is saal zakat kitni banti hai?" Hisaab mushkil nahi, lekin log aksar teen jagah ghalti karte hain: nisab ka rate, kin cheezon ko ginna hai, aur qarz kaise minus karna hai. Is guide mein hum yeh sab asaan Urdu mein, aik mukammal misaal ke saath samjhayenge.
Aik zaroori baat pehle: yeh guide hisaab samjhane ke liye hai, fatwa nahi. Jahan fiqh mein ikhtilaf hai wahan hum dono raaye bayan karenge. Apni soorat-e-haal ke liye apne aalim se zaroor poochein.
Zakat ka basic usool
- Rate: zakat ka rate 2.5% hai, yani maal ka chaaleeswan (1/40) hissa.
- Nisab: kam az kam maal jis par zakat farz hoti hai. Is se kam ho to zakat nahi.
- Hawl: maal nisab ke barabar ya zyada aik poora qamri (Hijri) saal raha ho, jo taqreeban 354 din ka hota hai.
- Poore maal par: agar nisab poora ho jaye to 2.5% poore khalis maal par lagta hai, sirf nisab se upar wale hisse par nahi.
Nisab kitna hai? Sona aur chandi
Hadith mein nisab 20 mithqal (dinar) sona ya 200 dirham chandi bayan hua hai. Aaj ke wazan mein yeh aam taur par neeche wale numbers hain (maslan National Zakat Foundation bhi yehi conversion use karti hai):
| Nisab | Grams | Tola (11.6638 g) | Misaali rate par nisab |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chandi | 612.36 g | ~52.5 tola | Rs 800/g par Rs 489,888 |
| Sona | 87.48 g | ~7.5 tola | Rs 38,000/g par Rs 3,324,240 |
Upar wale rates sirf misaal ke liye hain, asal rate roz badalta hai. Kuch ulama 595 g chandi aur 85 g sona ka conversion bhi lete hain. Aaj ka sone ka rate tola aur gram mein dekhne ke liye hamara gold price calculator use karein.
Chandi ka nisab ya sone ka?
Chandi sasti hai, is liye chandi ka nisab bohat kam banta hai aur zyada log zakat ke daaire mein aate hain. Pakistan aur South Asia mein aam taur par chandi ka nisab liya jata hai, aur kai fatwa idaare cash aur mile jule maal ke liye isi ko ehtiyaat wala tareeqa kehte hain. Kuch log sone ka nisab lete hain. Hamara calculator dono options deta hai; aap jis aalim ki raaye par chalte hain usi ke mutabiq chunein.
Kin cheezon par zakat hai?
- Cash: ghar mein rakha paisa aur bank accounts ka balance.
- Sona aur chandi: aaj ki market value par (zewar ke baare mein neeche dekhein).
- Karobari maal (stock): dukaan ya business ka maal, bechne wali qeemat par.
- Qarz jo wapas milna hai: wo paisa jo kisi ne aap se liya hai aur wapas milne ki umeed hai.
- Shares aur investments: market value par.
- Bechne ki niyat se khareeda plot ya maal: yeh bhi karobari maal shumaar hota hai.
Kin cheezon par zakat nahi?
- Rehne ka ghar
- Apne istemal ki gaari
- Furniture, kapre aur ghar ka saman
- Karobar ke auzaar aur machinery jo bechne ke liye nahi
Zewar par zakat: ikhtilaf
Hanafi fiqh ke mutabiq sone chandi ke zewar par zakat hai, chahe woh roz pehne jayein. Maliki, Shafi'i aur Hanbali ulama ki aksariyat aam istemal ke zewar ko zakat se mustasna samajhti hai. Hum is par koi faisla nahi dete; calculator mein zewar shamil karein ya na karein, yeh aap apne aalim se pooch kar tay karein.
Karobari logon ke liye hisaab
Dukaan ya business walon ke liye zakat ka sab se bara hissa aksar stock hota hai. Zakat ki tareekh par:
- Dukaan ya godaam mein maujood saare bechne wale maal ki market (sale) value likhein.
- Business ke bank account aur galle ka cash jor dein.
- Customers se jo udhaar wapas milne ki umeed hai, woh bhi shamil karein.
- Suppliers ke wo bills jo abhi ada karne hain, minus karein.
Dukaan ka furniture, freezer, machinery aur gaari jo maal dhone ke liye hai, yeh bechne ke liye nahi, is liye aam taur par zakat mein nahi ginay jate. Shares ke baare mein bhi ulama ke mukhtalif tareeqe hain (poori market value ya sirf company ke zakat wale assets ka hissa); aam aur ehtiyaat wala tareeqa poori market value lena hai, lekin apne aalim se tasdeeq kar lein.
Hawl aur zakat ki tareekh
Hawl ka matlab hai ke maal aik poora qamri saal nisab ke barabar ya zyada raha ho. Har rupee ka alag saal ginna mumkin nahi, is liye aksar log aik tareekh tay kar lete hain, maslan 1 Ramadan ya 27 Ramadan, aur har saal usi din jo kuch maujood ho us par hisaab karte hain. Saal ke beech mein aane wala paisa bhi usi din ke hisaab mein shamil ho jata hai. Agar saal ke dauran maal nisab se bilkul neeche chala gaya ho to hawl ka hukm kya hoga, yeh apne aalim se poochein.
Qarz kaise minus karein?
Aksar ulama ke nazdeek wo qarz aur bills jo abhi ada karne hain (maslan bijli ka bill, kiraya, is waqt wajib qist) maal mein se minus kiye ja sakte hain. Lambe qarz jaise ghar ka loan par raaye mukhtalif hain; aik aam tareeqa yeh hai ke sirf agle saal ki qist minus ki jaye. Yahan bhi apne aalim se poochna behtar hai.
Hal shuda misaal
Farz karein aaj sona Rs 38,000 per gram aur chandi Rs 800 per gram hai (misaali rates). Ahmed sahab ka maal yeh hai:
| Cheez | Raqam (Rs) |
|---|---|
| Ghar mein cash | 300,000 |
| Bank balance | 400,000 |
| Sona 15 gram (15 × 38,000) | 570,000 |
| Dost ko diya qarz, wapas milne ki umeed | 50,000 |
| Shares (market value) | 200,000 |
| Kul maal | 1,520,000 |
| Minus: is waqt wajib bills aur qist | (120,000) |
| Khalis zakat wala maal | 1,400,000 |
- Chandi ka nisab: 612.36 × 800 = Rs 489,888. Rs 1,400,000 is se zyada hai, is liye zakat farz hai.
- Zakat: 1,400,000 × 2.5% = Rs 35,000.
- Agar sone ka nisab lein (Rs 3,324,240) to Ahmed sahab nisab se neeche hain. Is se andaza hota hai ke nisab ka intikhab kitna farq dalta hai.
Bank ki automatic zakat aur CZ-50
Pakistan mein Zakat and Ushr Ordinance, 1980 ke tehat bank pehli Ramadan ko savings, PLS aur is tarah ke accounts se 2.5% zakat source par kaat lete hain, agar balance hukoomat ke notified nisab ke barabar ya zyada ho. Ramadan 2026 ke liye yeh nisab Rs 503,529 notify hua tha. Har saal yeh raqam nayi notify hoti hai, is liye apne bank ya State Bank ke elaan se confirm karein.
Jo log zakat khud ada karna chahte hain, ya jin ki fiqh ke mutabiq source par katauti qabool nahi, woh apne bank mein Zakat Declaration Form CZ-50 pehle se jama karwa sakte hain. Bank aam taur par yeh form katauti se kam az kam 30 din pehle maangte hain. Agar bank ne zakat kaat li hai to baqi zakat ka hisaab karte waqt usay kaise shumaar karna hai, yeh apne aalim se poochein.
Aam ghaltiyan
- Sirf nisab se upar wale hisse par 2.5% lagana: zakat poore khalis maal par hai.
- Purana rate use karna: sona chandi ka rate roz badalta hai. Zakat ke din ka rate lein.
- Ghar aur gaari ko ginna: apne istemal ki cheezein aam taur par zakat mein shamil nahi.
- Wapas milne wala qarz bhool jana: jo paisa wapas milne ki umeed hai woh bhi aap ka maal hai.
- Saare qarz minus kar dena: lambe loan ki poori raqam minus karne se zakat ghalat kam ho sakti hai; aam taur par sirf wajib-ul-ada hissa minus hota hai.
- Har saal alag tareekh: aik fixed zakat date rakhein (maslan Ramadan ki koi tareekh) taake hawl ka hisaab saaf rahe.
Zakat aur income tax
Agar aap salaried hain to yaad rakhein ke Zakat and Ushr Ordinance ke tehat kaati gayi zakat taxable income se deductible hai, jo aap annual return mein claim kar sakte hain. Tax ka hisaab samajhne ke liye hamari guide salary par kitna tax katta hai parhein.
Khulasa
Saara zakat wala maal jama karein, is waqt wajib qarz minus karein, nisab se compare karein, aur agar nisab poora hai to poore khalis maal ka 2.5% ada karein. Nisab ka intikhab (chandi ya sona) aur zewar ka masla apne aalim se tay karein. Baqi hisaab ke liye hamara zakat calculator aaj ke live rate ke saath kaam karta hai aur koi data save nahi karta.
Frequently asked questions
Zakat kitni banti hai?
Agar aap ka khalis zakat wala maal (qarz minus karne ke baad) nisab ke barabar ya zyada hai aur us par aik qamri saal guzar chuka hai, to poore maal ka 2.5% zakat hai, sirf nisab se upar wale hisse ka nahi. Rs 1,000,000 par zakat Rs 25,000 banti hai.
Nisab kitna hai, grams aur tola mein?
Aam taur par 612.36 gram chandi (taqreeban 52.5 tola) ya 87.48 gram sona (taqreeban 7.5 tola) liya jata hai. Kuch ulama 595 g aur 85 g bhi lete hain. Grams ko aaj ke rate se multiply karein to nisab rupee mein aa jata hai.
Chandi ka nisab lein ya sone ka?
Dono raaye maujood hain. Chandi ka nisab kam banta hai aur Pakistan aur South Asia mein aam taur par yehi liya jata hai, khaas kar cash aur mila jula maal ho to. Kuch log sone ka nisab lete hain. Apne aalim se poochein aur usi ke mutabiq chalein.
Kya pehne hue zewar par zakat hai?
Is mein ikhtilaf hai. Hanafi fiqh mein sone chandi ke zewar par zakat hai chahe pehne jayein, jab ke Maliki, Shafi'i aur Hanbali ulama ki aksariyat aam istemal ke zewar ko mustasna samajhti hai. Apne aalim se poochein.
Kya ghar aur gaari par zakat hai?
Apne istemal ka ghar, gaari, furniture, kapre aur ghar ka saman aam taur par zakat se bahar hain. Lekin jo plot ya maal bechne ki niyat se khareeda ho woh karobari maal hai aur us ki market value par zakat hoti hai.
Kya bank khud zakat kaat leta hai?
Haan. Zakat and Ushr Ordinance 1980 ke tehat bank pehli Ramadan ko savings aur PLS jaise accounts se 2.5% kaat-te hain agar balance notified nisab ke barabar ya zyada ho. CZ-50 declaration pehle se jama karwa kar is se chhoot li ja sakti hai.
This guide is general information, not professional advice. Rates and rules change — check the official source before you file or sign anything. See our Disclaimer.